情绪调节的理论观点、相关模型及其展望

Theoretical Views, Relevant Models and Prospects in Emotion Regulation

情绪调节近年来获得许多研究的关注,呈现跨学科趋势,但对其内涵仍存在争议。本文首先评述了情绪调节研究领域内两种典型的观点——单因素观和双因素观,然后对目前盛行的Gross的情绪调节过程模型进行述评,并从神经科学出发着重于Ochsner的情绪认知控制模型。未来可基于发展观采用观测和经验取样测量开展纵向研究,加强多水平的神经生物学研究,和情绪调节中个体差异的分子遗传研究。

Emotion regulation, which belongs to an important aspect of social development during early childhood and adolescence, is a critical mechanism of mental development for normal and abnormal individuals. Now emotion regulation takes on an interdisciplinary trend and has recently attracted widespread attention of many researchers. However, its definition and its neural mechanism are still unclear. The review includes three parts. In the first part, we reviewed two typical views in the field of emotion regulation, the one-factor and the two-factor approaches. The one-factor approach proposes that emotion generation and emotion regulation are two distinct processes ; researchers first induce an emotion and then study the process of emotion regulation. By contrast, the two-factor approach proposes that emotion generation and emotion regulation are an inseparable phenomenon; emotion regulation occurs throughout the emotion-generation processe. In the second part, we focused on Gross＇s process model of emotion regulation, and stressed Ochsner＇s cognitive control model of emotion from neuroscience. In Gross＇s process model, individual difference emerges in five sub-processes： contextual selection, contextual modification, attention deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation ; these processes form a continuum from effortful, controllable, and deliberate regulation to effortless, automatic, and unconscious regulation. In Ochsner＇s cognitive control model, emotions originate from the interaction of multiple evaluation systems, bottom-up and/or top-down, including description-based appraisal system and outcome-based appraisal system. The neural correlates refer to the response evaluation system （e. g. , amygdale, nucleus accumbens, insula） and the regulation system （e. g. , prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex）. In the third part, future research should apply observation and experience sampling to carry out longitudinal studies, make neurobiological research at multiple levels, and conduct molecular genetics study of individual differences in emotion regulation.