纳米材料与生物分子的相互作用与微结构特性

The interactions between nanomaterials and biomolecules and the microstructural features

纳米材料是物理、化学、生物等领域所广泛关注的研究方向,主要分为无机材料、有机材料及复合材料。其中由纳米粒子与生物分子组成的复合材料因具有独特的光学、化学、电磁学等性质,在医学和医疗等方面有着良好的应用前景。此外,利用生物分子自组装的方法,可设计出具有复杂有序结构的复合材料。因此,研究纳米粒子和生物分子的相互作用对纳米材料的设计和应用有着重要的意义。本文从实验和计算机模拟两个方面综述了纳米粒子对生物分子(包括蛋白质、DNA、生物膜)结构特性以及热力学、动力学性质的影响,并概述了影响两者相互作用的多种因素,包括纳米粒子的尺寸、形状、浓度、表面特性等。

The research on nanomaterials, including organic, inorganic and hybrid nanomaterials, is an interdiscipline that involves physics, chemistry, and biology, and has attracted great attention of scientists from different areas. Due to their unique optical chemical and electrical properties, the hybrid nanomaterials formed by nanoparticles and biomolecules have potential applications in many areas such as diagnosing and drug delivery. Furthermore, entailed by the self- and coassemble properties of the biomolecules, complex hierarchical structures can be achieved. Thus, the study of the interactions between nanoparticles and biomolecules is of great importance for the design and application of nanomaterials. In this review, we introduce the influence of nanomaterials on the structural properties as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of biomolecules. We also discuss the factors that affect the interaction between nanomaterials and biomolecules, such as the size, shape, concentration and surface properties of the nanoparticles.