灰色关联分析在上海市轨道交通地下车站集中空调通风系统卫生评价中的应用

Application of Grey Correlation Analysis to Hygienic Evaluation of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning System in Shanghai Underground Metro Stations

[目的]通过灰色关联分析,对上海市轨道交通地下车站的集中空调通风系统进行分级排序,为综合评价法在集中空调通风系统卫生学评价中的应用提供技术依据。[方法]采用二阶段随机抽样,抽取上海市某轨道交通线6个地下车站,对集中空调通风系统的主、客观指标进行综合评价,分析主观指标和客观指标之间的相关性。[结果]通过灰色关联分析,判定5个车站为未污染等级,1个车站为轻污染等级。同时送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)指标与过滤器、送风口、回风口、排风口及风口周边区域的污染程度和新风质量之间有一定的相关性。送风中细菌总数指标与新风质量之间也有一定的关联性。[结论]灰色关联分析能较全面客观地反映集中空调通风系统的污染程度,主观指标的结果在一定程度上也可以反映出客观指标的污染水平。管理方可以根据灰色关联分析的评价结果对集中空调通风系统进行分级管理,有利于提高集中空调通风系统的卫生安全水平。

[ Objective ] To sort and rank the hygienic conditions of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems （HVACs） in Shanghai underground metro stations by grey correlation analysis, and to provide technical evidence for HVACs hygienic evaluation. [ Methods ] A two-stage random sampling was carried out to select 6 underground stations of a metro line in shanghai. The subjective and objective indicators of HVACs＇ hygienic conditions in underground metro stations were comprehensively assessed. Moreover, the relationship between the subjective and objective indicators of selected HVACs＇ hygienic conditions was analyzed as well. [ Results ] Among the 6 metro stations assessed by grey correlation analysis, 5 stations were graded as non-pollution and 1 as minor pollution. The levels of particulate matter less than 10 microns （PM10） in the HVACs were associated with the pollution conditions of filter, air supply outlet, return outlet, exhaust outlet, surrounding areas, as well as the quality of fresh air. Total bacterial counts had a certain relation with the quality of fresh air. [ Conclusion ] Grey correlation analysis could be applied to comprehensive analysis on the pollution conditions in HVACs. The subjective indicators of hygienic evaluation are associated to the objective indicator set. Therefore, the hygienic condition of Shanghai metro HVACs can be improved by hierarchical management according to results of grey correlation analysis.