亲属寄养儿童分离与个体化发展的个案研究

Case Study of Separation-individuation of Children Who Were Fostered by Kins

目的:探索有亲属寄养经历儿童的分离与个体化发展情况。方法:采取典型及方便抽样对四名早年有亲属寄养经历的儿童进行深入访谈,采用整体内容分析方法对访谈资料进行分析。结果:①第一次分离个体化期间生活在寄养家庭的儿童其分离个体化发展有两种情况:不能发展或同原生家庭类似;②辗转原生家庭和寄养家庭的成长过程,所面临的特殊心理发展任务:维持与父母的心理连接,维持与寄养家庭代养者的心理连接,平衡与父母、代养者之间的心理连接;③有亲属寄养经历的儿童其青春期分离个体化发展出现延迟。结论:与养育者建立心理连接是有寄养经历儿童分离个体化发展的基础;渡过整合危机是有寄养经历儿童分离与个体化继续发展的前提。

Objective： To explore the Separation-Individuation development of children who were fostered by kins. Methods： Have in-depth interviews with 4 children adopted by typical and convenient sampling, the interviews were recorded and then transcribed and analyzed by the method of holistic content analysis. Results： （1）Children who were fos- tered by kins during the first separation-individuation would face two different situations： no development or similar development with those who cared by parents. （2）Children who lived a life between own family and the foster family need to complete particular psychological task： to maintain the connection with their parents, to form emotional connection with the kins, also to find a balance between them. （3）Adolescenee Separation-Individuation development of children who were fos- tered by kins would delay possibly. Conclusion： To children who were fostered by kins, forming the attachment relationship with caregivers is the basis of separation-individuation development, and getting through the crisis of reunion is a prerequisite to Separation-Individuation further development.