乡村水利合作困境的制度分析——以福建省吉龙村农民用水户协会为例

Institutional Analysis on the Cooperation Dilemma of Rural Water Conservancy: A Case Study of the WUA in Fujian Q County

由于日益增加的财政负担和低效的管理,我国乡村水利困境日益凸显,如灌溉系统老化失修、灌溉面积萎缩、灌溉效益低下和农业生产力下降等。目前,成立以农民为主体的用水户协会逐渐上升为全面性的政府行为,纳入到国家改善农业基础设施的整体战略之中。这种源于国外的经验在中国的实践会面临什么样的实际问题,能否通过建构村民之间的合作情境有效改善乡村水利的治理绩效?本文从乡村水利合作建构的三种制度途径(科层建构、交易建构和社会建构)出发,以福建省清流县灵地镇吉龙村农民用水协会为个案,分析乡村水利合作出现困境的深层障碍及其根源,探讨用水户协会面临的科层化、缺乏激励与组织失效等问题的解决思路。

Due to the increasing financial burden and inefficient management,the dilemma of rural water conservancy in China has become increasingly prominent,such as aged irrigation systems,shrinkage and low efficiency of irrigated area,and a decline in agricultural productivity.At present,the construction of WUA has gradually increased to a comprehensive government action,as the country's overall strategy to improve agricultural infrastructure.This foreign experience faces what kind of practical problems in China's practice? Can it effectively improve the governance performance of rural water conservancy through the construction of the cooperation situation among the villagers? Based on three approaches of the institutional cooperation of the rural water conservancy——hierarchical construction,transaction construction and social construction,this article analyzed the deep obstacles and causes of the cooperation dilemma of rural water conservancy system,taking the Farmer Water Users Association in Fujian Q County as an example.The paper also explored the solutions of the problems WUA faced such as bureaucratization,lack of incentives and low efficiency of the organization.