小儿神经系统疾病医院感染的临床分析

Clinical analysis of nosocomial infections in children with nervous system diseases

目的调查神经系统疾病患儿住院期间医院感染状况,并对其相关因素进行分析,为降低医院感染提供依据。方法对临床2008年l月-2011年12月住院期间发生医院感染的神经系统疾病患儿进行回顾性调查,数据用χ2检验判断是否差异有统计学意义。结果 2689例神经系统疾病患儿住院期间,发生医院感染320例、394例次,感染率为11.90%、例次感染率为14.65%,男女性别之间差异无统计学意义;其中以病毒性脑膜炎患儿医院感染率最高,为16.64%;感染部位以上呼吸道感染为主,共123例次占21.22%;其次为胃肠道感染89例次占22.59%;医院感染率与住院时间呈正相关,随住院天数增加,感染率增高;营养状况差、白细胞低下容易引起医院感染。结论神经系统疾病患儿医院感染的发生与疾病类型、住院时间、营养状况、白细胞水平等因素有关,以上呼吸道感染为主,应控制易感因素,降低神经系统疾病患儿的医院感染率。

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the incidence and related factors of nosocomial infections in the children with nervous system diseases so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.METHODS Retrospective surveys were carried out for 2689 children with nervous system diseases in whom the nosocomial infections occurred during the hospital stay between Jan 2008 to Dec 2011.χ2 test was used to evaluate the statistical significant.RESULTS During the period of the hospital stay,there were 320 of 2689 patients（394 case-times） with the nosocomial infections,the infection rate was 11.90%,and the case-time infection rate was 14.65%,the difference between the genders was statistically significant.The prevalence rate of the nosocomial infections was highest（16.64%） in the children with viral encephalitis.There were 123（21.22%） case-times of patients with the upper respiratory tract infections and 89（22.59%） case-times of patients with gastrointestinal tract infections.The nosocomial infection rate was positively correlated with the hospital stay,the longer the hospital stay,the higher the infection rate.Moreover,the poor nutrition and aleucocytosis were the predisposing factors for the nosocomial infections.CONCLUSION The incidence of nosocomial infections in the children with nervous system disease is related to the disease type,hospital stay,nutrition status and leukocyte counts.The upper respiratory tract is the predominant infection site,it is necessary to control the predisposing factors so as to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections in the children with nervous system diseases.