珍珠港事件前的美国外交大辩论及其意义

The American Foreign Policy Debate before Pearl Harbor Attack and its Significance

从二战爆发到珍珠港事件的两年间,国际主义者和孤立主义者围绕是否应该援助英国和苏联和干预欧洲的战争等问题,进行了美国历史上最激烈的辩论。这场外交大辩论不仅仅是围绕美国如何应对欧洲战争这一具体政策的辩论,实际上还涉及美国对外关系中一些根本问题,即美国作为世界大国应该如何处理与国际体系的关系,对外干涉是否会破坏美国民主和人民福祉,以及美国究竟应该扮演何种国际角色。大辩论深刻地改变了美国人的国际思想和外交观念,使强调美国大国责任的自由国际主义思想深入人心,并在战后主导了美国外交政策的制定。孤立主义者虽然在辩论中失败了,但其思想在战后仍然对美国扩张性的外交政策构成某种牵制。从这个意义上说,孤立主义者同国际主义者一起共同塑造了战后美国外交的面貌。

In the two years from German invasion into Poland to the Pear Harbor Attack,there was a great debate between internationalists and isolationists on whether the US should aid Great Britain and intervene into European war.The debate appeared a controversy on a particular foreign policy,but in fact,it touched on some fundamental themes in American relations with outside world:how the US should handle its relationship with the international system,whether or not the intervention abroad would harm American democracy and domestic welfare,and what role the US as a great power should play in the world.It changed the international thought and foreign policy concept of American people and rooted liberal internationalism in American mind,which dominated postwar American foreign policy making.Nevertheless,[HJ] [HJ2.8mm]the isolationism still constituted a countervailing power to postwar American assertiveness and overstretched in international relations.In this sense,isolationists and internationalists were co-founders of postwar American foreign policy principles.