氮肥对超级稻产量的影响及其生物学基础的研究进展

Research Advances on Effect of Nitrogen on Grain Yield of Super Rice and Its Biological Basis

超级稻品种具有巨大的增产优势,充分发挥超级稻品种的增产潜力,对于保证中国的粮食安全和社会稳定具有十分重要的意义。氮素则是水稻产量的主要影响因素。合理的氮肥运筹可以实现超级稻最大库容量和最高产量,并降低施氮量、提高氮肥利用率。从施氮量和氮肥运筹等方面综述了氮肥对超级稻产量的影响,介绍了氮肥影响超级稻产量形成的生物学基础,讨论了超级稻高产与氮肥高效利用研究方面存在的问题和今后研究的重点。

Super rice has huge advantage on grain yield. Realizing its great yield potential would have great signifi- cance in ensuring food security and society stability. Nitrogen is the major factor determining grain yield. Reasonable nitrogen application could make maximum storage capacity and output of super rice, reduce the nitrogen application and improve nitrogen use efficiency. This paper reviewed how nitrogen affected super rice yield and how biology was involved in the process from the nitrogen management and plant physiology. The problems and suggestions to the co- ordinative development of high-yielding and high use efficiency of nitrogen-fertilizer for super rice were discussed.