水田:一个被误读的概念

Shuitian(water field):A Misunderstanding Concept

本文以古代文献中的有关水田的原始记载为依据,从语言、历史、地理、农学等方面,探讨"水田"一词的本义及概念内涵的演变。结果表明,和中国南方不同,最初出现在中国北方的所谓"水田",可能指的是水浇地,并不直接与水稻等水生作物挂钩,只是在受到南方稻作文化的影响之后,水田才与稻田等同起来,并在宋元明清时期藉由主体为南方籍士人的影响,在北方地区极力推行水利建设和水稻种植,进而引发有关中国北方水利和水稻种植的巨大争论,直到清朝才出现水田本义在实际上的回归,将兴修水利与种植水稻脱钩。该文可为知识的创造及传播提供一个案例,即一个知识的概念在传播的过程中,其内容可能会随着时间和地域的不同发生变异,并引发相应的问题。创造和改造,误解和回归,可能是知识演进史必须经历的历程。

Based on the original record of shuitian in ancient Chinese literature, in terms of language, history, geography, agronomy, this paper explores the evolution of the original meaning and connotation of the term ＂shuitian＂. The results shows that unlike in southern China, the so-called ＂shuitian＂ first appeared in northern China, may refer to irrigated land, is not directly linked with the paddy rice and other aquatic crops, only after affected by the South, especially in the times of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, shuitian was tied with rice paddies while the Southern Scholars who worked hard to promote rice cultivation and the water conservancy construction in the northern China, and trigged a huge debate on it between the supporters and opponents until the Qing Dynasty the original meaning of shuitian return in the actual which decoupling water conservancy and planting flee.The article provides a case for the study of creation and dissemination of knowledge. The concept of knowledge in the communication process, its contents may occur with the different time and geographical variation, and trigger the appropriate questions. Create and transform, misunderstanding, and regression may have to go through the course of history of knowledge evolution.