安徽省农村1～4岁留守婴幼儿健康状况调查

Health status among left-behind children aged 1-4 years with both parents working out in rural Anhui province

目的分析农村双亲外出留守婴幼儿健康状况,以加强社会对农村留守儿童的关注。方法从安徽省2个县、12个行政村各选取212名双亲外出留守婴幼儿和双亲均未外出婴幼儿进行体格发育测量与评价,检测外周血血红蛋白、铁、锌、镁、铜、铁、钙微量元素及尿碘,进行婴幼儿神经精神发育检查和意外伤害情况调查。结果农村双亲外出留守婴幼儿营养不良检出率、营养性贫血检出率、锌缺乏率、碘缺乏率、钙缺乏率和铁缺乏率分别为4.7%、19.8%、46.2%、21.7%、4.7%和6.6%,均高于对照组的0.9%、8.5%、34.4%、12.7%、0.9%、1.9%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);智力低下和中下等检出率分别为3.8%、20.8%,高于对照组的1.9%、10.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);双亲外出留守婴幼儿动物咬伤检出率为4.2%,高于对照组的0.9%,而刀或锐器刺/割伤及鱼刺或骨头卡喉检出率均为0.9%,分别低于对照组的6.7%、4.7%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论农村双亲外出留守婴幼儿微量元素缺乏和神经精神发育异常状况较为严重,亟需对农村留守婴幼儿监护人进行婴幼儿喂养和早期宣传教育。

Objective To assess physical and mental health status and the prevalences of nutrition disorder and accidental injury among left-behind children in rural Anhui for the improvement of health in the children.Methods Totally 424 left-behind children aged 1-4 years were selected from 12 villages in 2 counties of Anhui province,in which 212 were with both parents working out and 212 with both parents working at hometown（control group）.Physical development,peripheral blood hemoglobin,trace elements such as iron,zinc,magnesium,copper,iron,and calcium,urinary iodine,infant neuropsychological development,and accident injury were evaluated.Results The prevalences of malnutrition,nutritional anemia,zinc deficiency,iodine deficiency,calcium deficiency,and iron deficiency in the children with both parents working out were 4.7%,19.8%,46.2%,21.7%,4.7%,and 6.6%,significantly higher than those in the control group（0.9%,8.5%,34.4%,12.7%,0.9%,and 1.9%）（P0.05 for all）.The prevalences of mental retardation and edge intelligence were significant higher in left-behind children than those of control group（3.8% vs 1.9%,20.8% vs 10.4%）（P0.05）.The prevalences of animal bite injury in the left-behind children was higher than in the controls,whereas,the prevalences of knife,sharp stab or cut injury,fish or other animal bone sticking in throat in the control group were higher than those in the children with both parents working out（P0.05）.Conclusion High rates of micronutrient deficiencies and neuropsychological development disorder among left-behind children were observed.The results suggest that attention to infant feeding and early education should be taken among guardians of rural left-behind children with both parents working out.