海南省澄迈县野外小型动物寄生蜱类调查

Seasonal succession of ticks in small wild animals in Chengmai county of Hainan province

目的了解海南省澄迈县野外小型动物体上硬蜱的寄生及季节消长状况。方法采用宿主体捡蜱法对野外小型动物体上硬蜱进行计数。结果 2009年4月—2010年3月共捕获宿主8种,在其上采集到的蜱经鉴定皆为粒形硬蜱,全年总寄生指数和寄生率分别为2.57和38.94%(118/303);合计和成蜱寄生指数最高峰在4月,均为10.1,而幼蜱和若蜱寄生指数最高峰分别在11月和1月,分别为1.83和3.33;总寄生率在4月最高,为76.19%(16/21);树鼩、针毛鼠体上蜱寄生指数和寄生率最高峰均在4月,而海南屋顶鼠则均有2个高峰,分别在4月及次年1月;在所有捕获宿主中树鼩体上蜱寄生指数和寄生率最高,分别为7.64和69.57%(48/69)。结论澄迈地区蜱活动具有明显的季节性,其中4月是其活动高峰;树鼩可能为粒形硬蜱的最适宿主。

Objective To examine the seasonal fluctuation of ticks in small wild animals in Chengmai county,Hainan province.Methods Ticks were collected from the body surface of small wild animals.Results From April 2009 to March 2010,totally 8 species of hosts were caught and all the ticks collected from these hosts were Ixodes granulatus with the totall parasitic index and rate of 2.57 and 38.98%（118/303）,respectively.The peaks of the index were observed in April for total index and adult vector parasitic rate.While the peaks for larvae and nymphs（1.83 and 3.33） were observed in November and January.The highest value of total parasitic rate was in April（76.19%）.Peaks of parasitic index and rate for Tupaia belangeri and Niviventer fulvescens were all in April,while two peaks for Rattus rattus hainanicus were recorded in April 2009 and January 2010.Parasitic index and rate of Tupaia belangeri was highest among the hosts（7.64 and 69.57%）.Conclusion Ticks in Chengmai area are of seasonality with the most active month in April.The fittest host for I.granulatus is Tupaia belangeri.