湘西州土家族、苗族中学生营养状况分析

Nutritional status of Tujia and Miao minority middle school students in Xiangxi autonomous prefecture

目的了解湘西土家族苗族自治州的土家族、苗族中学生营养状况,为少数民族学生营养状况改善提供科学依据。方法对土家族、苗族3 402名中学生的身高、体重进行测量,采用身高标准体重法进行营养状况评价。结果 2009年土家族、苗族中学生营养不良检出率分别为2.32%(39/1 680)、1.51%(26/1 722),低体重率分别为21.67%(364/1 680)、18.82%(324/1 722),超重率分别为7.02%(118/1 680)、9.47%(163/1 722),肥胖率分别为3.27%(55/1 680)、4.76%(82/1 722);低体重率土家族高于苗族(χ2=4.29,P<0.05),超重、肥胖率苗族均高于土家族(χ2=6.69,P<0.01;χ2=4.87,P<0.05);低体重率土家族、苗族女生均高于男生(P<0.05),肥胖率土家族、苗族男生均高于女生(P<0.01);高中生营养不良率较高,初中生,尤其是低年级学生肥胖率较高。结论湘西州土家族、苗族中学生营养不良和营养过剩同时存在,应对不同群体的营养问题进行针对性指导。

Objective To examine the nutritional status of Tujia and Miao minority middle school students in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture for the improvement of minority students＇ nutritional status.Methods Totally 3 402 Tujia and Miao minority students were selected and their height and weight were measured and evaluated with the method of height with standard weight.Results In 2009,the malnutrition rate in the Tujia and Miao students was 2.32%（39/1680） and 1.51%（26/1722）;the underweight rate was 21.67%（364/1 680） and 18.82%（324/1 722）;the overweight rate was 7.02%（118/1 680） and 9.47%（163/1 722）;the obesity rate was 3.27%（55/1 680） and 4.76%（82/1 722）,respectively.The underweight rate of Tujia students was oviously higher than than of Miao students;the overweight and obesity rate of Miao students were obviously higher than those of Tujia students.The underweight rate of female students was higher than that of male students obviously;the obesity rate of the male students was higher than that of the female students obviously.The malnutrition rate of the senior students was higher than that of the junior students and the junior students,especially the junior students in low grade had a higher obesity rate.Conclusion Under-and over-nutrition exist in Tujia and Miao minority middle school students at the same time and measures should be taken in different groups according to their different nutritional status.