准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤动物群落特征

Community Characteristics of Soil Fauna at Oasis-desert Ecotone in Southeastern Edge of the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China

为理解准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤动物群落特征,采用国际通用采样方法在2010年4月、7月、9月及11月中旬对该交错带不同生境土壤动物群落进行了调查研究,比较分析了该区土壤动物群落组成、多样性及其季节动态特征。结果表明:①共采集到大、中小型土壤动物9 788只,隶属于4门12纲32目,其中甲螨目、弹尾目、中气门目和前气门目为优势类群,常见类群有垫刃目、鞘翅目幼虫、膜翅目、无气门目、缨翅目和双翅目幼虫,优势类群和常见类群占群落总个体数的96.27%,其他22类群均属于稀有类群,只占总捕获量的3.73%。②在不同生境土壤动物群落组成、个体数量及多样性都表现出了明显的时空变异(P<0.05),其类群数高低顺序为自然林>防护林>牧草地>灌木林>耕地>菜瓜地>荒草原>荒漠,而个体数量顺序为菜瓜地>耕地>牧草地>防护林>自然林>荒草原>灌木林>荒漠。③不同生境土壤动物的垂直分布具有明显的表聚特征,即从地表向下,随着土壤深度的增加土壤动物个体数量逐渐减少。④在不同生境土壤动物个体数量表现出了明显季节变化,其高低顺序为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。研究结果为进一步开展干旱区绿洲-荒漠生态系统土壤动物生态学的研究奠定了基础。

For understanding the characteristics of community structure,diversity and seasonal dynamics of soil fauna at different habitats of oasis-desert ecotone in southeastern edge of the Junggar basin,an investigation was conducted in April,July,September and November of 2010 by using field sampling method.Results are as follows：（1） A total of 9 788 soil animals were captured and they can be classified into 4 phyla,12 classes,32 orders.The dominant groups included Oribatida,Collembola,Mesostigmata and Prostigmata,and the common groups included Tylenchida,Coleoptera larvae,Hymenoptera,Astigmata,Thysanoptera and Diptera larvae.The dominant groups and the common groups accounted for 96.27% of the total samples,and the other 22 groups belonged to the rare groups and they only accounted for 3.73% of the total samples.（2） There were significant differences in community composition,individual number and diversity of soil fauna among the 8 different habitats in the oasis-desert ecotone（P0.05）,and the orders of group number in different habitats were natural forestshelter forestgrasslandshrubberycroplandvegetable landgrasslanddesert,and the sequences of individual number were vegetable landcroplandgrasslandshelter forestnatural forestgrasslandshrubberydesert.（3） The vertical distribution of the individual density in soil profile showed surface accumulation in the layer of 0~5 cm and declined with depth increasing of soil layer.（4） There were significantly seasonal variations in the composition and individuals of soil animal community,and the sequence of seasonal dynamics of individual numbers of the soil fauna were WinterAutumnSpringSummer.