植物挥发油对黄曲霉毒素产生菌及其毒素合成的影响

Effects of essential oils on the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Parasiticus

黄曲霉毒素(AFT)是由黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)和寄生曲霉(Aspergillus parasiticus)等曲霉属真菌产生的次生代谢产物,具有致畸、致癌、致突变等作用。AFT污染多种粮食作物及食品,其极强的毒性严重威胁到人体健康。寻找各种黄曲霉毒素抑制剂已成为国内外研究的热点。部分抗生素类药物及化学杀菌剂虽然具有较强的抗黄曲霉作用,但鉴于其毒副作用较明显,使用范围非常有限。近二十年来,人们开始从天然产物中寻找毒副作用低、易降解并且安全性高的黄曲霉抑制剂。本文对天然植物挥发油及其单体成分抑制黄曲霉和寄生曲霉生长并抑制AFT合成,以及在粮食、食品及其包装等方面的应用情况进行综述,为进一步研究植物挥发油类成分的抑菌机制和产品开发提供参考。

Aflatoxins（AFTs）,a group of toxic secondary metabolites,are produced by species of Aspergilli,especially Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.AFTs have been proved to be potent carcinogens,mutagens,and steratogens.The contamination of AFTs in cereal and foods brings a significant health problem due to their strong toxicity.Developing antiaflatoxigenic inhibitors has become a research hotspot.Some antibiotics and chemical fungicides were effective Aspergilli inhibitor,but were not widely used because of their obvious toxic and adverse effects.In recent two decades,some natural antiaflatoxigenic inhibitors with lower side effects and easy degradation have been discovered.This paper summarized reports about anti-aspergilli and antiaflatoxigenic activities of plant essential oils,their constituents and relevant application.This information may provide reference for further research on the antimicrobial mechanisms of plants volatile oils and product development.