大豆脱粒机气力清选循环装置研制与性能试验

Development and performance test on pneumatic cleaning-circulatory device of soybean thresher

为提高大豆脱粒机的清选效果、降低脱粒损失与含杂率,该文利用农业物料漂浮速度试验台测得了大豆脱出物的漂浮速度:完好豆粒9.18～11.61m/s,瘪粒及豆瓣6.14～7.74m/s,未脱净豆荚3.81～5.48m/s,短硬茎杆2.53～4.04m/s,碎秸秆和荚壳1.95～3.75m/s;并根据漂移速度试验结果研制了气力式清选装置和旋风式杂余分离、循环装置并进行了性能试验。性能试验表明,改进的大豆脱粒机最佳风机转速526～611r/min、振动筛频率276～320Hz时,大豆清选后秸秆含杂率和清选损失率分别为0.70%和0.30%～0.32%。研究结果为优化大豆脱粒机气力清选系统设计、提高大豆脱粒机性能提供参考。

In order to improve cleaning effect, reduce threshing losses and impurity rate of soybean thresher, the floating speeds of soybean emerging objects which included intact soybean kernels, unfilled kernels and parted kernels, unthreshed soybean pods, hard staff, broken straw and pod shell were measured by agricultural materials floating test-bed. The floating speed of intact soybean kernel was 9.18-11.61 m/s, that of unfilled kernel and parted kernel was 6.14-7.74 m/s, unthreshed soybean pods 3.81-5.48 m/s, hard staff 2.53-4.04 rn/s and broken straw and pod shell 1.95-3.75 m/s. Based on the results of floating speeds test, a kind of air-suction cleaning device and tornado miscellaneous separating and circulation device for soybean thrashed debris were developed and theirs performance were tested. The results showed that when the optimal thrashing and cleaning quality was obtained with the fan rotation rate of 526-611 r/rain and vibrating frequency of screen of 276-320 Hz for the developed soybean thresher, the mean straw debris rate was 0.70% and cleaning loss rate was 0.30%-0.32%. This study provides an important conference for the optimization design of pneumatic cleaning circulatory system and improvement of the performance for soybean thresher.