无土盆栽红掌潮汐灌溉技术

Effects of ebb and flow irrigation on soilless culture potted anthurium

为支撑设施无土盆栽潮汐灌溉技术应用,该文以连栋温室固体基质盆栽花卉-红掌为试材,设置营养液深分别为花盆高的1/2(T1)、1/3(T2)、1/4(T3)、1/5(T4)和传统滴灌供水处理(T5),研究了潮汐灌溉和滴灌对基质含水率、灌溉水利用、红掌品质和耗水的影响。结果表明:与滴灌处理相比较,潮汐灌溉处理基质含水率明显偏高,灌水周期增加1～3d,耗水量增加44.2%～69.3%,红掌株高、冠幅分别增加6.6～11.4和7.3～10.6cm,佛焰苞长、宽分别增加0.8～1.5和0.5～1.8cm,花序高增加0.2～1.0cm。潮汐灌溉营养液深不超过盆高的1/4时,对基质含水率、灌水周期和红掌耗水量影响不明显,超过盆高的1/4后,随营养液深增加,基质含水率显著增加,灌水周期延长,耗水量总体随营养液深增加而增大。潮汐灌溉的营养液深是花盆高的1/5时,红掌观赏品质最优,此时营养液深为2.56cm,是供试潮汐灌溉营养液较优控制深度,灌水周期为3～5d。

In order to explore appropriate ebb and flow irrigation mode, effects of ebb and flow irrigation on soilless culture potted anthurium in multi-span greenhouse were investigated from July 4 to November 5 in 2009. Experimental mixed soilless culture with volumetric culture water capacity at 0.4315 and dry unit weight at 0.16 g/cm3 was composed of Danish PINDSTURP solid culture and Chinese perlite according to the volumetric proportion by 10：1. Experimental seedlings with 18cm height were planted in plastic pot with 1.4 L before experiment started. The depth of nutrition liquid was determined by the height of plastic pot（H） for ebb and flow irrigation treatments, with 1/2H for T1, 1/3H for T2, 1/4H for T3, and 1/5H for T4. T5 was drip irrigation, of which drip equipments were composed of on-line dripper with flow rate at 3.85 L/h, muki-outlet adaptors with 1/4 and flow-equalizer peg. All treatments had same low irrigating threshold with 80% substrate water capacity（0FC）. The total ET, daily ET and culture moisture content were calculated by water balance method. The weight of experimental pots（pot, culture and seedling） and seedlings were determined by balance with 0.01g precision every day for pots and 5-7 d for seedling. Height and crown diameter were measured by ruler weekly. Results showed that irrigation technology has influence on culture moisture content, watering period, water consumption and flower quality. Total water consumption amount for one pot were 4337.6 g, 3926.7 g, 3780.2 g, 3695.9 g and 2562.3 g, average culture moisture content 98.5%0FC, 95.4%0FC, 90.4%0FC, 90.7%0FC and 84.7%0FC, maximal daily water consumption amount with one pot 52.3 g, 47.8 g, 46.8 g, 45.2 g and 33.6g for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Water use efficiency were above 90% for ebb and follow irrigation and 40%-50% for drip irrigation. Compared with drip irrigation, the substrate moisture content of ebb and flow irrigation was elevated 7%-23%, the watering period was prolonged for about 1-3 d, the amount of water consumption was advanced for 44.2%-69.3%, the height and crown diameter were elevated for 6.6-11.4 cm and 7.3-10.6 cm respectively, the length and width of spathe were elevated for 0.8-1.5 cm and 0.5-1.8 cm respectively, and the height of anthotaxy was elevated for 0.2-1.0 cm. Nutrition liquid depth is a key factor for water use efficiency and flower growth for ebb and flow irrigation. The substrate moisture content, watering period and growth of anthurium were not influenced by depth of nutrition liquid when the depth of nutrition liquid under or to be equal to 1/4H. The substrate moisture content would be elevated, watering period prolonged, and the amount of water consumption enhanced with the increase of nutrition liquid depth when the depth of nutrition liquid over 1/4H. T4 got the best quality ofanthurium when the depth of nutrition liquid was 2.56 cm and watering period was 3-5 d. Further study would be focused on the mechanism about water holding and losing of soilless culture, effects of interaction for irrigation water amount and fertilizer amount on typical soilless culture flower.