冬季恒温饮水装置和屋顶采光对提高肉牛生长速率的影响

Effects of thermostatic apparatus for drinking water and roof-lighting system on improvement of growth rate of beef cattle in winter

为改善西北地区冬季肉牛养殖的福利状况、提高肉牛生产水平,该研究采用恒温饮水装置和牛舍屋顶采光措施对肉牛每日体质量增加的影响及经济可行性。处理舍利用研制的拴系饲养恒温饮水装置为牛只提供20℃温水,对照舍牛只饮用4℃凉水;2栋牛舍结构样式完全相同,均设屋顶采光带。试验结果表明:恒温饮水试验处理舍与对照舍牛只每日体质量增加分别为1.85和1.63kg/d,差异极显著(P<0.01)。处理舍屋顶采光使舍内接受太阳辐射热量为463.363MJ/d,并使南、北两侧的日平均辐射强度分别达到7和59W/m2,差异极显著(P<0.01);从上午10:00至下午15:00,处理舍南北侧平均温度分别为4.87、5.60℃,对照舍分别为4.92、6.04℃,均差异显著(P<0.05);2栋牛舍的南侧与南侧、北侧与北侧平均温度之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。牛舍南、北两侧的牛体质量增加分别为1.64和1.84kg/d,差异极显著(P<0.01),说明屋顶采光效果明显。恒温饮水装置与牛舍屋顶采光措施均能极显著提高冬季肉牛每日体质量增加,经济可行。

In order to improve the welfare of the beef cattle and increase the beef production efficiency during winter in northwest China, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of drinking warm water and roof-lighting system on the beef performance and economic feasibility. Two barns of same structure with roof-lighting bands were used in this study. Beef cattle in treatment cowshed were supplied with 20℃ warm water and solar heating waterer system, and beef cattle in control cowshed was supplied with 4℃ cold water. The results showed that： 1） Beef cattle with supplying of warm water had significant higher daily body-weight gain （1.85 kg/d） than those by drinking cold water （1.63 kg/d） （P〈0.01）. 2） Solar radiant heat obtained from the sunlight through roof-lighting band was 463.363 MJ/d in treatment cowshed, and the average solar irradiation intensity of the day in the southern side of the treatment cowshed was lower than the northern side （7 W/m2 vs. 59 W/mE, P〈0.05）. The average temperature in the northern side of the cowshed was significantly higher than the southern side from 10：00 am to 15：00 pm （5.60℃ vs. 4.87℃ for treatment cowshed, and 6.04℃ vs. 4.92℃ for control cowshed, respectively, P〈 0.05）; and there was no significant difference on the average temperature between the southern side of the treatment cowshed and control cowshed, neither the northern side of the two cowsheds. 3） At the same time beefs in the northern side had significantly higher daily body weight gain than that in the southern side （1.84 kg/d vs. 1.64 kg/d, P〈0.01）. （4） Using warm water by solar heating and roof-lighting band in beef cattle cowshed can significantly improve the daily body weight gain of beef cattle in winter, as well as achieve higher economic benefit.