回指的结构浅析

Briefly on the Structure of Anaphora

回指体现了人类自然语言最普遍、最复杂的现象。回指现象不仅存在于句子内部,还普遍存在于句子之间;不仅由句法因素控制,还由诸如语用、认知等非句法因素控制,因此回指消解始终是自然语言处理中最复杂、最难解决的问题之一。当前较为流行的分类标准包括传统句法所沿袭的句法范畴准则和真值条件准则。从真值条件的语义结构观点出发,以黄衍的五分法、沙格和昂卡尼尔的二分法和艾莉尔的深层回指三分法最为流行。回指现象始终是语言学研究的热点和难点问题。应在对回指研究意义的综述基础上,从句法、语境以及认知语用等方面探讨回指现象的复杂性,并对回指的分类进行探讨,以期为语言回指现象的进一步研究奠定基础。

Anaphora is the most universal and complex phenomenon in natural languages of mankind. It often appears in and between sentences, being controlied by syntactic factors and non-syntactic cases such as pragmatics and cognition, so anaphora resolution remains one of the most difficult and complicated issues in natural language processing. Currently, widely-accepted categories include true-value condition criterion and syntax category criterion originated from traditional syntax. The paper introduces three popular classifications in the semantic structure of truth value. Anaphora as the hot pot and hard nut of linguistic research should be studied on the basis of surveying the meanings of anaphora research, and we should discuss its complexity and its classifications from syntax, context and cognitive pragmatics so as to lay a foundation for further studying anaphora.