北极航道利用的国际法问题探究

Research on the International Law Issues about the Use of the Arctic Routes

气候变暖导致北冰洋融化,北极通航成为可能。有关北极航道(西北航道及北方海航道)的法律属性尚存争议,加拿大、俄罗斯的"内水论"与美国、欧盟的"用于国际航行的海峡论"形成鲜明对比。不放弃相应法律主张的前提下,通过与北极航道沿岸国的合作有效利用北极航道成为新的发展趋势。北极航道利用中应充分遵守《联合国海洋法公约》及国际海事组织为维护海洋环境安全、船员安全及航行安全制定的条约及软法性指南。利用北极航道是我国依据《联合国海洋法公约》及其他相关海事条约所享有的权利,亦是实现我国北极权益的科学路径。

Climate change accelerates the thawing of the Arctic Ocean,and the navigation through the Arctic routes will become available.Debates still exist about the legal nature of Arctic Routes（Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Routes） between the ＂internal water claim＂ from Canada and Russia and ＂strait used for international navigation claim＂ from U.S.and European Union.Effective use of Arctic routes on the premise of withholding the legal claim about the legal nature of Arctic Routes is the new trend today.United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other treaties and soft guidelines made by International Maritime Organization for the protection of marine environment,crew safety and navigation safety should be considered and followed.Rational use of the Arctic routes is not only China＇s right under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other relevant marine treaties,but also a scientific method for the realization of China＇s rights and interests in the Arctic.