标准化尘螨变应原治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效及安全性分析

Analysis of efficacy and safety of standardized dust mites allergen vaccine in treatment of allergic rhinitis

目的观察分析标准化尘螨变应原皮下注射治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的疗效及安全性。方法对175例尘螨过敏的变应性鼻炎患者进行标准化尘螨变应原皮下注射治疗,比较接受免疫治疗前与剂量累加阶段、剂量维持阶段的鼻部症状评分、体征评分和不良反应情况,分析评价特异性免疫治疗的疗效及安全性。结果 175例尘螨过敏的变应性鼻炎患者的鼻部症状与治疗前相比有明显减轻,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);剂量累加阶段和剂量维持阶段的总有效率分别为84.57%和95.43%,单一尘螨过敏较以尘螨过敏为主的多种过敏原病例疗效较好,单一尘螨过敏显效的占全部病例的78.38%;多种过敏原过敏显效的占全部病例的40.38%。本组病例均未出现严重不良反应。结论对尘螨引起的常年性变应性鼻炎进行规范化标准化变应原特异性免疫皮下注射治疗,是一种有效、安全和持久的对因治疗方法,并可有效控制哮喘症状。

Objective To observe and analyse the therapeutic effects and the safety of standard subcutaneous immuno-theraphy on the patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.Methods One hundred and seventy-five patients with allergic rhinitis caused by house-dust mites were selected.Clinical efficacy was evaluated by symptom and sign score after two stages of specific immunotherapy and compared with pre-treatment scores.Results The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis were significantly alleviated in those treated with standardized dust mites compared with those untreated.The difference was statistically significant（P0.05）.The effective rates were 84.57% after the first phases of the SIT and 95.43% after the second phases.Clinical efficacy on the house-dust mite allergic rhinitis patients was better than multi-allergen rhinitis patients.No serious complications or bad reaction were found in the treatment process.The treatment efficacy of single dust mite allergy patients was much better than patients with dust mite allergy consisting mainly of diversified allergens,and the proportion of the obvious treatment efficacy on the former was 78.38%,and that of the latter was just 40.38%.Conclusion Standardized allergen specific immunotherapy is an effective and safe treatment method for patients suffering from allergic rhinitis caused by house-dust mites,and it may effectively control the symptom of asthma to some extent.