干旱盐碱区耕作方式改变对土壤性状和作物产量的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Properties and Crop Yields in Arid Saline Region

为了探索提高环渤海干旱盐碱地区水资源利用效率和作物产量的有效耕作模式,采用对比试验设计,分析了夏玉米深松播种-冬小麦沟播一体化技术与传统旋耕播种技术的土壤性质和作物产量变化。结果表明:土壤深松措施改善了耕层土壤的物理性状,上层土壤容重降低0.5 g/cm3,孔隙度增加5.0%,饱和导水率增加几个数量级;20～40 cm土壤含水量增加6.7%,利于作物吸收利用,上层土壤含盐量随含水量的增减相应地变化,并没有出现增加趋势,不存在次生盐渍化的潜在为害;夏玉米和冬小麦分别增产24%和52%,显著提升了干旱盐碱区粮食增产能力。夏玉米深松播种-冬小麦沟播一体化技术可以为盐碱障碍耕地的利用提供技术支撑,为该地区的粮食安全提供科技保障。

To explore the effective tillage method for increasing the utilization efficiency of water resources and crop yield in arid saline region around the Bohai sea,the summer maize deep tillage-winter wheat furrow sowing method and the traditional rotary tillage planting method were compared,and the effects of different tillage methods on soil properties and crop yields were analyzed by comparative test.The results showed that deep tillage improved soil physical properties,bulk density of top soil was decreased by 0.5 g/cm3,and porosity was increased by 5.0%,saturated hydraulic conductivity was increased by several orders of magnitude.Soil water content at 20-40 cm was increased by 6.7%,which benefited to crop absorption and utilization.Salt content in topsoil was not increased with water content,so there was not potential harm of secondary salinization.The yields of summer maize and winter wheat were increased by 24% and by 52%,respectively.Thus deep tillage and furrow sowing significantly increased grain production ability in arid saline region.And the integrated methods of summer maize deep tillage-winter wheat furrow sowing could provide technical support for land and water utilization in arid saline region around the Bohai sea.