基于土地利用变化的北京市生态系统服务价值研究

Study of Ecosystem Service Values Based on Land Use Change in Beijing

依据2000—2008年北京市土地利用数据,从生态系统服务功能角度运用Costanza的方法,参照谢高地陆地生态系统单位服务价值当量表,分析了北京生态服务价值与土地利用变化的响应关系。结果表明:由于建设用地急剧增长,耕地和水域面积大幅度减少,北京生态系统服务价值在这8年间减少了51824.4万元,年均变化率为-0.31%;从空间来看,密云县、怀柔区和中心城区生态系统服务价值最高,相对应生态系统服务价值最低的区域则分别是通州区、顺义区和大兴区;土地利用结构变化决定着生态系统结构和功能(生态系统服务价值)的变化。因此规划部门在制定规划时应更多地考虑到生态服务价值的重要意义,更多的保护水域、林地等具备高生态价值的生态用地,实现北京各区域的可持续发展。

Based on land use data in 2000 to 2008, with the Costanza＇ s method and the coefficients proposed by Xie Gaodi, this paper examined the effects of land use change on ecosystem services value from the perspective of ecosystem services. Results indicated that the cultivated land and water area have decreased largely with the rapid increase of construction land. The ecosystem services value of Beijing has decreased by 518.244 million yuan, with the annual percent change of-0.31% .From the Perspective of Space, Miyun County, Huairou District and the central area of Beijing have the maximal value, an＇d Tongzhou District, Shunyi District and Daxing District have the least value. The change of land use structure determines the changes of ecosystem structure and function. As a result, ecosystem services value is recommended to be taken into account in the formulation of land use planning, especially the conservation of water and woodland of high coefficients of ecosystem services value in order to achieve sustainable development of Beijing.