不同灌水量对酿造高粱生长、产量和水分利用率的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts on the Growth,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Sorghum

为了探讨不同灌水条件下酿造高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]需水规律和水分利用效率,在田间试验条件下,以布置在高粱冠层顶部直径为20cm标准蒸发皿水面蒸发量为基础确定灌溉水量,设置不灌水(对照)、30%蒸发量、60%蒸发量和90%蒸发量4个灌水量,采用滴灌方法,研究不同灌水量对酿造高粱生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,在开花期,90%蒸发量灌溉处理高粱植株株高、茎粗和叶面积均明显高于对照处理。90%蒸发量灌溉处理高粱生物产量比60%蒸发量、30%蒸发量和对照处理分别增加9.19%、20.92%和17.27%;籽粒产量分别增加8.99%、16.89%和19.74%。90%蒸发量、60%蒸发量和30%蒸发量灌溉处理比不灌溉处理千粒重分别提高14.71%、10.20%和7.89%。30%蒸发量、60%蒸发量、90%蒸发量灌溉处理的全生育期耗水量比不灌溉处理分别增加15.2%、32.9%和44.8%。不同灌溉处理日均耗水量高峰值均出现在大喇叭口期-扬花期。不同灌溉条件下的高粱需水量在400～590mm之间。随着灌溉量增加,高粱耗水量和籽粒产量相应增加,而水分利用效率呈现出降低趋势,90%蒸发量、60%蒸发量、30%蒸发量灌溉处理比不灌溉处理的水分利用效率分别下降17.3%、17.3%和11.1%。

The objective of this research was to investigate brew sorghum＇ s role in water requirements and water use efficiency under different irrigation conditions, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation amounts on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench] growth, yield and water use efficiency in a drip irrigation system. The experiment designed the randomized complete block with three replications. The irrigation amounts were determined by the evaporation from a standard 20-cm diameter pan placed above sorghum canopy. Four irrigation amounts （no irrigation as control, 30% of water evaporation quantity 60% of evaporation quantity and 90% of evaporation quantity on 20 cm evaporating pan） were employed. The results showed that, sorghum plant tall, stem thick and leaf area of the 90% of evaporation quantity treatment were significant higher than control treatment at the flowering stage. The sorghum biomass of the 90% of evaporation quantity treatment were increased by 9.19%, 20.92% and17.27%, and the grain yield was also increased by 8.99%, 16.89% and 19.74% respectively, as compared to the treatments of 60% evaporation quantity, 30% evaporation quantity and control. The 1000-grain weight of the 90% of evaporationquantity treatment were enhanced by 14.71%, 10.20% and 7.89% respectively, compared to the treatments of 60% evaporation quantity, 30% evaporation quantity and control. The peak value of average daily consumed water quantity was appeared at the period from larger horn stage to flowering stage. The water requirement of sorghum was in the range of 400-590 mm. As the quantity of irrigation water increases, the amount of water consumed and grain yield of sorghum were increased, whereas, the water use efficiency showed a declining trend. Compared to control treatment, the water use efficiency of the 90% of evaporation quantity, 60% of evaporation quantity and 30% of evaporation quantity was declined by 17.3%, 17.3% and 11.1%, respectively.