秦始皇帝陵及汉阳陵遗址成盐元素及类型研究

Study on the Salt Species and Types in the Emperor Qin's Mausoleum and Hanyangling Mausoleum Earthen Sites

综合运用X射线荧光光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射等技术对取自秦始皇帝陵、汉阳陵土遗址土样中的成盐元素、成盐类型、盐的晶体结构和类型进行了分析。结果表明,虽然各样品之间存在着显著差异,但样品中多含有Na+、K+、NH4+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO24-、NO3-、HCO3-等离子,可溶盐或微溶盐主要为NaCl、Na2SO4、NaNO3、NH4NO3、CaSO4.2H2O、2CaSO4.H2O、CaSO4、Na2Ca5(SO4)6.3H2O。结构分析表明,样品中盐的结晶形态取决于样品的存赋地点和环境。这些结果对研究秦始皇帝陵和汉阳陵土遗址中盐害的形成机理以及建立有效保护和防治体系具有重要指导意义。

The elements, salt type, and crystal structure of salts in the soil samples of the Terracotta Warriors and Hor- ses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum were analyzed by XRF, XPS, XRD in this paper, The results show that the soil samples contain Na＋, K＋, NH4, Mg2＋, Ca2＋, C1 , SO^-, NO3^-, HCO3^- ions. The soluble salts and slightly soluble salts in the samples are mainly NaC1, NaNO3, CaSO4 ·2H20 2CaSO4· H20 CaSO4, Na2Ca5 （SO4）6. 3H20. The structures of salt samples were found to be dependent on the locations and environmental parameters of the Terraeotta War- riors and Horses of Qin Shibuang Mausoleum. Those results are provided with the important guiding significance to study the formation mechanism of salt damages of the earthen heritage sites and to create system of availably protecting, preven- ting and eureing those heritages.