西北寒旱区铁路建设生态系统完整性影响评价——以兰新铁路二线民乐至玉门段为例

Impact of Railroad Construction on Ecosystem Integrity in Cold-Arid Region,Northwest China——A Case Study of the Minle-Yumen Section of the 2nd Double Line of the Lanxin Railway

以新建兰新铁路二线民乐至玉门段为例,借助遥感与地理信息系统技术阐明沿线地区生态系统的生态脆弱性,综合评价西北生态脆弱区铁路建设对生态系统完整性的影响。结果表明,铁路沿线生态系统类型包括灌丛、荒漠、草原、草甸、沼泽、高山植被和农田等,各类生态系统脆弱度均为中度以上,工程建设对荒漠生态系统影响指数最高,对沼泽和高山植被生态系统影响较小。在铁路两侧10 km范围内,工程占用和破坏的生态系统面积均小于同类生态系统总面积的0.5%,工程施工对沿线生态系统总体影响较小。

As an important concept of the resource management and environmental impact assessment, ecosystem integrity is mainly used to reflect the degree to which an ecological system maintains its structure, function and stability under exter- nal disturbance. The Minle-Yumen Section of the 2nd Double Line of Lanxin Railway was chosen for case study using the technology of remote sensing and GIS to elaborate how fragile the ecosystem along the line was and to evaluate impact of the construction on ecosystem integrity in the eco-fragile area of Northwest China. Results show that along the railway exist nu- merous types of ecosystems including shrubbery, desert, steppe, meadow, marsh, alpine vegetation, farmland, etc. , all of which were moderate or high in ecosystem fragility. The impact of the construction on desert ecosystems was the highest and on marsh and alpine vegetation ecosystems relatively low. Within the radius of 10 km alongside the railway, the area with alienated and damaged ecosystem accounts for less than 0.5% of the total area of the same ecosystem. So it could be concluded that the general impact of the construction is relatively small on the ecosystem along the line.