吡虫啉拌种对玉米种子活力及其幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Imidacloprid Seed Dressing on the Seed Activity and the Seedling Growth of Maize

通过室内沙培试验,研究吡虫啉和种子不同药种比例拌种处理对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,28℃条件下,6种拌种处理玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长均为安全,药种比为5∶10 000处理对玉米幼苗作用效果显著,与对照(未拌种)处理相比,玉米幼苗株高、初生根长、次生根数、叶片数、第1真叶面积、单株鲜重、单株干重、根冠比和叶绿素含量分别增加了1.18 cm、2.85 cm、0.35条、0.28片、0.74 cm2、0.41 g、0.055 g、0.220和11.1%。种子活力结果表明,5∶10 000处理玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数与对照处理相比分别提高了38.9%、6.4%、27.6%和76.2%。各药剂处理玉米种子萌发过程中α-淀粉酶的变化规律相似,7 d时药种比高的处理玉米种子α-淀粉酶活性仍保持较高活性,药种比低的处理和对照均有所下降。各药剂处理可溶性还原糖含量均随发芽天数的增加而增大,第7天均有所降低,但种子拌种处理后仍保持较高含量。

By the sand bioassay experiment, the effects of imidacloprid seed dressing on the seed germination and seedling growth of maize were studied. The results indicated that, compared with the contrast experiment （treatment without pesticides）, all the treatments ware safe to the maize seed germination and seedling growth in the temperature of 28, 5 ： 10 000 ratio seed coating agent increased the seedling height, primary root length, secondary root numbers, leaf numbers, area of primary leaf, fresh mass, dry mass, shoot ratio and chlorophyll content by 1.18 cm, 2.85 cm, 0.35, 0.28, 0.74 cm2, 0.41 g, 0.055 g, 0.220 and 11.1%, respectively. The effect was better than that tested on other treatment. In seed vigor study it showed that 5 ： 10 000 ratio seed coating agent increased the germination, germina- tion rate, germination index, vigor index by 38.9%, 6.4%, 27.6% and 76.2%, respectively. The change was similar to activity of e-amylase after treated by different treatment in the process of maize seed germination, activity of a-amy- lase can still maintain a high level after 7 days treated by high pesticide and seed mass ratio, while the low ratio and the contrast decreased. With the germination days, the content of soluble reducing sugar increased, and it reduced af- ter 7 days, but the content remain at a high level after seed dressing treatment.