等氮量投入下有机无机肥配施对玉米产量及氮素利用的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Utilization under Equal Nitrogen Rates

以1989年建立的国家黑土肥力与肥料效益监测基地的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,研究等氮条件下有机无机肥长期配施对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响。研究结果表明,长期氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)及氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(牛粪+NPK、秸秆+NPK)有利于玉米产量的提高,与不施肥(CK)相比,分别提高192.0%、218.3%和192.6%。NPK、牛粪+NPK及秸秆+NPK处理氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力均显著高于单施氮肥处理。经18年长期定位试验,与试验初期相比均能提高土壤有机质含量、全氮含量及碱解氮含量,以牛粪+NPK处理效果最好,分别增加46.6%、28.6%和36.8%。施用牛粪及秸秆后土壤pH值年纪间变化不大,长期施用化肥土壤pH值降低。

Based on a long-term fertilizer experiment in black soil which was established in 1989, the effects of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under equaI nitrogen rates were studied. The results showed that NPK and NPK combined organic manure （cow manure ＋ NPK, straw ＋ NPK） could improve maize yield, contrast to CK, increased 192.0%, 218.3% and 192.6%, respectively. N agronomic efficiency and N partial factor productivity of NPK, cow manure ＋ NPK and straw ＋ NPK treatments were higher than N treatment. Compared with the beginning of the trial, the three treatments all could increase soil organic matter, total N and available N contents were increased in NPK, cow manure ＋ NPK and straw ＋ NPK treatment, with the best effect in cow manure ＋ NPK treatments, soil organic matter, total N and available N contents increased 46.6%, 28.6% and 36.8%, respectively. Soil pH had no significant change in cow manure and straw treatments during different years, but decreased in the applications of chemical nitrogen treatments.