晋升激励、土地财政与公共教育均等化

Promotion Stimulation, Land Finance and Equalization of Public Education Service

在地方官员"晋升锦标赛"的背景下,分析了晋升激励和土地财政对公共教育均等化的影响,利用变异系数和偏离度两个指标测度公共教育的地区差距,基于我国31个省、区、市1999～2009年的面板数据,运用系统GMM估计方法,检验了晋升激励和土地财政对公共教育地区差距的影响。结果显示:土地财政加剧了公共教育地区差距的扩大;晋升激励缩小了人均教育支出的地区差距,但扩大了普通中小学师生比的地区差距;转移支付缩小了人均教育支出的地区差距,但导致了普通中小学师生比地区差距的扩大。

In the background of the championship of the local official promotion mechanism,this paper analgzes the promotion stimulation of the local government and land finance influencing the equalization of basic public education service.And then the authors use the variable coefficient and deviation degree to measure regional difference of the basic public education service.Based on the panel data of Chinese 31 provinces from 1999 to 2009,the paper uses estimated method of dynamic panel GMM to test the effect of promotion stimulation and land financial on the equalization of basic public education service.The result shows the land financial aggravates the regional gap of the basic public education service;the promotion stimulation reduces the regional gap of the per capita education spending and the teacher-student ratio of the average elementary school,but expands the regional gap of the teacher-student ratio of the secondary school;the transfer payment reduces the regional gap of the per capita education expending,but not reducing the regional gap of the teacher-student ratio of the average middle and primary school.