角膜细胞凋亡

Apoptosis in cornea

细胞凋亡是一种程序性细胞死亡 ,在维持正常组织器官的稳定平衡及病理状态组织器官的损伤、修复中起着重要作用。许多因素对细胞凋亡既有诱导作用 ,又有抑制作用 ,如细胞因子、基因、病毒、类固醇、辐射、营养不良、T淋巴细胞等。在正常和损伤角膜中也有凋亡的证据。上皮、内皮及基质中的IL l通过角膜细胞凋亡来调节角膜细胞和损伤愈合 ,上皮损伤 (如紫外线照射、准分子激光PRK手术、病毒感染等 )导致前基质下大量角膜细胞凋亡和IL l释放。许多角膜疾病 (如病毒性角膜炎、圆锥角膜、大泡性角膜病变等 )IL l、上皮基质系统可起到保护作用 ,或与其发病机理有关。对正常和疾病角膜细胞凋亡的进一步研究可能会发现稳定正常角膜组织 ,促进损伤愈合过程的更好方法。

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and plays a major role in modulating many physiological and pathological processes.The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the apoptosis are briefly described.There are many factors which either induce or inhibit apoptosis,including cellular derived factors,genes,viruses,steroids,radiation,malnutrition,T lymphocytes,etc.Apoptotic evidences are also obtained in normal and injured corneas.Epithelial and endothelial derived interleukin l(IL l)modulates corneal tissue organization and wound healing through induction of keratocyte apoptosis.Epithelial injuries(such as in ultraviolet radiation,excimer laser PRK,virus infection etc.)result in the release of large amounts of IL l and apoptosis of keratocytes in the underlying anterior stroma.In a number of corneal diseases(such as virus epithelial keratitis,keratoconus,bullous keratopathy etc.),IL l epithelium stroma system may play protective roles or involve in pathogenesis.Further study of apoptosis in normal and diseased cornea may find better ways to stabilize normal tissues and balance injury and healing processes.