中国男性青年人群的操作力测量与分析

Measurement and analysis on operating force from Chinese young males

目的建立中国男性青年人群的操作力数据库,为作业环境下的操作力设计提供基础数据。方法在东北、华北、西北、西南、东南、华中、华南7个自然地域采集843名青年男性的人体测量和操作力数据,测量旋力、背力、不同施力方向上(推力、拉力、内扳力、外扳力)的臂力及同一施力方向不同肘部弯曲角度的臂力。对数据进行统计分析,并与国内外相关研究进行对比。结果臂力的4个施力方向上,推力大于拉力,内扳力大于外扳力,推力最大,外扳力最小;在相同的施力方向上,推力和拉力随着肘部角度的增大而显著性增大,内板力和外扳力随着肘部角度的增大而显著性减小;操作力之间存在着显著的相关性;人体测量参数中,体重和操作力之间有显著的相关性,而人体测量参数与操作力的相关性较弱;与西方国家的数据相比,我国青年人的操作力偏小。结论通过全国范围内的采样,建立了我国男性青年人的操作力数据库,研究结果为人机系统中操作力的设计提供基础数据的支持,也为工效学研究人员、职业健康工作者以及康复研究人员提供参考。

Objective To establish the operating force database of Chinese young males and provide basis infor- mation for the design of operating force in working place. Methods Anthropometric parameters of 843 Chinese young males from northeast, north, northwest, southwest, southeast, central and south China were collected, including the back force, hand twisting force, arm forces in four exerting directions and with various elbow angles. The data were statistically analyzed and compared with related researches in China and abroad. Results For arm forces in four exerting directions, the pushing force was greater than the pulling force, and the inward force was greater than the outward force. The pushing force was the largest and the outside outward force was the smallest. With the increase of the elbow angle, the pushing and pulling forces were increased significantly, while the inward and outward forces were decreased significantly. A significant correlation existed among the operating forces. There was significant correlation between the operating force and body weight, while weak correlation was found between the operating forces and anthropometric parameters. Operating forces of Chinese young males were relatively smaller than those of the Westerns. Conclusions By sampling on a national scale, the operating force database was established for Chinese young males. This study provides the basic data for the design of op- erating force in man-machine system and could be also used as reference for ergonomics researchers, occupa- tional health workers and rehabilitation researchers.