拦阻着舰过程中飞行员头颈部的动力学响应

Dynamic responses of head-neck complex in pilots during arrested deck landing

目的分析航母舰载机拦阻着舰过程中飞行员在佩戴和不佩戴头盔时的头颈部动力学响应以及主要肌肉应变量。方法建立包括头部、7个颈椎和2个胸椎共10个刚体的人体头颈部的多体动力学模型;采用集总参数法描述韧带、椎间盘等软组织的力学特性;应用非线性应力-应变关系描述人体头颈部15组肌肉的力学特性。采用多组汽车碰撞过程人体头颈部动力学响应实验数据对模型进行验证。结果获取了拦阻着舰过程飞行员头部的过载曲线和15组肌肉的应变,结果表明颈夹肌拉伸程度最大,在不佩戴头盔时其应变可达50%,佩戴2.7 kg头盔时其应变可达56%。结论佩戴防护头盔会增加飞行员在拦阻着舰过程的颈部肌肉拉伸,仿真结果可用于进一步的损伤评估。

Objective To analyze the dynamic response and strain of the major muscles in head-neck complex of pilot with or without wearing the helmet during carrier aircraft arrested deck landing. Methods Ten-rigid body dy- namic model of human head-neck complex was created including head, seven cervical vertebrae and two thoracic vertebrae; mechanical properties of the ligaments, intervertebral discs and other surrounding soft tissues were described by lumped parameter method; mechanical properties of the 15 pairs of muscles in this human head- neck complex were represented by non-linear stress-strain relationship. The model was validated by using experi- mental data of dynamic responses from the human head-neck complex in a set of different types of automobile crashes. Results The overload curve and strain of this 15 pairs of muscles in head-neck complex of the pilot during arrested deck landing were obtained. The results showed that the extension of splenius cervicis was the largest. The strain of splenius cervicis could reach 50% when the pilot wore the helmet, and it could reach as high as 56% if the helmet＇ s weight was 2.7 kg. Conclusions Wearing helmet would extend the stretch of neck muscles, and the simulation result could be used for further evaluation on head/neck injury of the pilot.