包头市青山区高血压患者生存质量现状及高血压的影响因素

The status of life quality and the influential factors of patients with hypertension of Qingshan district,Baotou city

目的调查包头市青山区高血压患者的生存质量,综合评价其生理、心理、精神和社会功能状态,同时分析该地区高血压的主要影响因素,为高血压的预防控制以及采取有效的社区干预措施提供理论基础和依据。方法在内蒙古医学院第四附属医院下属的2个社区卫生服务站中,随机抽取站中2007—2009年有档案记录的并符合纳入标准的高血压患者150例作为调查对象,在同一社区按1∶1比例选取与病例性别、民族相同、年龄±3岁的同期非高血压人群150名作为对照组进行匹配,运用SF-36量表测评其生活质量,进行病例对照研究和Logistic回归分析。结果计分法显示在躯体疼痛(63.84±20.38比73.77±21.68)、躯体健康(84.47±13.35比89.63±12.89)、躯体角色功能(61.00±45.01比79.83±35.08)和社会功能(76.42±16.42比81.33±16.24)4个维度高血压组低于对照组;心理健康维度对照组低于高血压组(71.92±12.00比75.15±10.69,P<0.05)。超重或肥胖(OR=2.71)、腹型肥胖(OR=3.29)、月收入1000～3000元(OR=9.62)、高血压家族史(OR=12.98)是该地区高血压的危险因素;文化程度中学(OR=0.24)及大专以上(OR=0.02)、日睡眠时间较充足(OR=0.21)、经常运动(OR=0.02)是其保护因素。结论高血压患者在心理、精神和社会功能等方面存在明显异常,应当引起重视和关注;对于有家族史、超重或肥胖和睡眠少的患者要转变生活方式和干预不良行为,提倡健康教育、体育运动和合理膳食。

Objective To provide scientific bases for hypertension prevention and effective community intervention measurements by investigating the life quality of hypertensives and assessing their physical, mental, spiritual, social functions as well as analyzing the main effect factors of hypertension in Qingshan district, Baotou city. Methods A total of 150 hypertensives who met the criteria for hypertension and had records from 2007 to 2009 were selected randomly from two communities health stations affiliated to the fourth hospital of inner Mongolia medical college. Another 150 people without hypertension were selected randomly at the ratio of 1 ： 1 in the same community with the same gender, ethnic and age（＋3 years）as the control group. SF-36 was used to evaluate the life quality, control study and Logistic regression were adopted to analyze the causes and the main factors. Results The scores of hy- pertension group was lower than the control group in dimension of bodily pain （63.84 ± 20.38 vs 73.77 ±21.68）, physical function （ 84. 47±13.35 vs 89.63 ± 12.89 ）, role-physical function （ 61.00 ± 45.01 vs 79.83 ± 35.08 ） and social function （76.42± 16.42 vs 81.33 ± 16.24 ）. The scores of control group was lower than the hypertension group in dimension of psychological health （71. 92±12.00 vs 75.15±10.69, P〈0.05）. The risk factors were o- verweight or obesity （OR=2.71）, abdominal obesity （OR=3.29}, income of 1000-3000 yuan （OR=9.62}, fami- ly history of hypertension （OR=12. 98）. The protective factors were higher education （middle school： OR=O. 24; college and above： OR=0.02）, enough sleep （OR=0.21）, regular exercise （OR=0.02）. Conclusion Mental, spiritual and social function of hypertensive patients should be paid more attention. Those who had family history, overweight or obesity and insufficient sleep should change their life style and get rid of bad behavior, propose health education, physical exercise and reasonable diet.