适于亚热带区域兰花栽培基质筛选研究

Study Cultivation Matrix of Orchid Suitable for Subtropical Regions

兰花栽培过程中基质的选择极其重要,适宜的栽培基质可为兰花产业化研究及开发提供科学依据,而栽培基质理化性质是评价基质的质量标准。以亚热带地区含量丰富的半风化紫色砂页岩及其他易于收集的工、农业废弃物为原料,进行混配获得不同的兰花栽培基质,对栽培基质的理化性质进行测定,并调查不同基质对兰花生长的影响,以筛选适宜于的亚热带区域专用型兰花栽培基质。研究结果表明,通气孔隙在25%～50%、持水量为40%～50%、pH在5.5～6.5间基质较适宜于兰花生长。而其中以半风化紫色砂页岩:炉渣:耕层土壤:稻壳:食用菌栽培残余料:松树皮为20%:12%:10%:18%:18%:22%比例混合的基质2,其通气孔隙为39.8%、持水量48.7%、有机质含量44.2%,水解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别为283.4mg/kg、183.0mg/kg和309.4mg/kg。该基质最适宜于兰花生长,是一种较好的兰花栽培基质,可广泛应用于亚热带区域兰花的栽培。

It is especially important to select culture media in planting orchid and a better culture media can provide the theories for industrialization of research,and physicochemical properties of media is a quality standard to evaluate.In this paper,the six culture media constitute semi-weathered purple sandy shale that there was abundant in subtropical regions,added waste material of industrial or agricultural,for example slag,sawdust,residual of mushroom culture media.Measuring the physical and chemical characters of culture media and studying the nutrition content,the growth index in order to select the better media suitable for subtropical regions.The results showed that the media of the aeration porosity from 25% to 50% and the capacity of water-holding from 40% to 50% and the pH values from 5.5 to 6.5 was more suitable for the orchid.The media 2 was the best of the culture media and it could be used widely in the culture of orchid in subtropical regions in all kinds of these media.The composition of the media 2 was the semi-weathered purple sandy shale：the slag：topsoil：rice husk：mushroom residual of mushroom culture media：pine bark=20%：12%：10%：18%：18%：22%,and the aeration porosity was 39.8%,the water-holding was 48.7%,the organic matter content 44.2% and the hydrolysis nitrogen,and available phosphorus,and available potassium content were 283.4 mg/kg,183.0 mg/kg and 309.4 mg/kg,respectively.