松花江流域水环境质量特征分析

Analysis of water environmental quality features in Songhua River Basin

以2006年为基准年,从松花江流域水质状况、不同水体分布区域和松花江流域水体主要超标项目等方面,多尺度、多角度分析2006—2009年松花江流域地表水环境质量特征。结果表明:松花江流域水质在全年期、汛期和非汛期均出现整体好转的趋势,表现为Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水体比例增加,Ⅳ～Ⅴ类水体比例减少;松花江流域汛期水质略差于全年期,非汛期水质略好于全年期;松花江流域污染严重区域(Ⅴ类及劣Ⅴ类水体)由嫩江水系逐渐转移至松花江干流水系,由全流域分散的几个城市逐渐转移至流域干流周边的几个城市;从水污染指标看,除COD、CODMn、BOD5外,NH3-N成为新的水污染超标项目。

The surface water environmental quality features of the Songhua River Basin during the period from 2006 to 2009,of which the year 2006 was selected as the base year,were analyzed at multiple scales and from various perspectives,based on analysis of the water quality conditions,different water distribution areas,and main indices that exceeded the standards.The results show the following： the water quality in the Songhua River Basin improved in the annual period,the flood period,and the non-flood period,with an increase in the proportion of water with quality of class I to III and a decrease in the proportion of water with quality of class IV to V;the river basin water quality in the flood period was slightly worse than that in the annual period,while the water quality in the non-flood period was slightly better than that in the annual period;the areas polluted seriously（with water quality of class V and inferior to class V） in the river basin have gradually shifted from the Nenjiang River area to the main stream of the Songhua River,and from the cities scattering in the whole basin to a few major cities around the main stream of the basin;and in addition to chemical oxygen demand（COD）,permanganate index,and BOD5,ammonia nitrogen was a new water pollution indicator that exceeded the standard.