内皮剥脱及高胆固醇饮食诱导兔腹主动脉局部痉挛模型建立的研究

Study on the establishment of a local spastic model in the abdominal aorta of rabbit by endothelial denudation and hypercholesterolemic diet

目的 建立兔腹主动脉局部痉挛模型，并探讨高脂血症与血管痉挛之间的联系。方法 选择新西兰白兔8只，于腹主动脉行球囊内皮剥脱，然后给予高脂饮食（含2%胆固醇及2%猪油）喂养，8周后行组织胺及麦角新碱激发试验，造影记录血管直径变化，并作血脂检查和和病理检验。结果 喂养8周后血清胆固醇浓度明显增高(P<0.001)，组织胺在内皮剥脱和对照部位激发的血管收缩分别为(45.0%±2.1%)和(9.2%±3.6%) (P<0.01)，麦角新碱激发的血管收缩则分别为(37.5%±4.6%)和(5.8%±0.7%) (P<0.01)。与对照部位相比，剥脱部位的内膜明显增厚(P<0.01)。增厚的内膜表现类似动脉粥样硬化的早期改变，而明显的血管痉挛只发生在内皮剥脱部位。结论 本实验成功建立了兔腹主动脉局部痉挛模型；高胆固醇血症及动脉粥样硬化的早期改变是在该模型中诱发痉挛的基础。

Objective To establish a local spastic model in the abdominal aorta of rabbit and to elucidate the relationship between hyperlipoidemia and vascular spasm. Methods Eight New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to bolloon denudation in the abdominal aorta and the rabbits were fed on a hyperlipoidemic diet (containing 2% cholesterol and 2% triglyceride). Histamine and ergnovine provocative tests were performed 8 weeks later. The diameter of the abdominal aorta was measured by means of angiography, and changes in the level of blood lipids and histological findings were analyzed. Results Serum cholesterol concentration of the rabbits increased considerably 8 weeks later (P<0.001 vs week 0). At denuded and control site, the vascular diameter induced by histamine is reduced by (45.0%±2.1%) and (9.2%±3.6%) respectively (P<0.01), while that by ergnovine was (37.5%±4.6%) and (5.8%±0.7%) respectively (P<0.01). The intima at denuded site noticeably increased in thickness compared with that at control site (P<0.01). Histological study of the thickened intima showed atherosclerotic changes of early stages. Apparent vascular spasm was present only at the denuded site. Conclusion A local spastic model in abdominal aorta of the rabbit was successfully established in the present study. Hypercholesterolemia and early atherosclerotic changes may contribute to the occurrence spasm.