三峡库区及其上游流域水污染防治规划

Study on Water Pollution Prevention Planning for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Upper Reaches

着眼于以往规划对流域内部生态环境特征和环境问题类型差异考虑不足等问题,开展了三峡库区及其上游流域水污染防治规划研究.构建了基于控制单元的分区、分类水污染防治技术框架,提出在划分控制区和控制单元的基础上,识别控制单元问题并进行类型划分,进而以此为导向规划治理措施.从分区角度将三峡库区及其上游流域划分为3个控制区(库区、影响区和上游区)和49个控制单元(库区5个、影响区15个、上游区29个).从分类角度将流域所有控制单元归类为14个预防型单元、24个改善型单元和11个治理型单元.对赤水河遵义市控制单元(影响区预防型单元)、龙川江楚雄州昆明市控制单元(上游区改善型单元)、长江嘉陵江重庆市辖区控制单元(库区治理型单元)3个典型控制单元提出了各自污染防治方案,方案实施后,3类单元CODCr负荷分别削减0.78×104、1.47×104和2.78×104t/a,氨氮负荷分别削减1 110.7、2 364.9和8 936.2 t/a,满足削减需求,各控制单元水质目标可达标.

Due to insufficient existing consideration of the eco-environmental characteristics and environmental problems within this watershed, a water pollution prevention planning study for the TGR area and its upper reaches was carried out. A zoned and classified water pollution prevention framework based on control units was proposed. In this framework, after dividing the watershed into control regions and units, the control units were classified as different control types based on the identification of environmental problems, which can provide valuable guidance for watershed pollution prevention planning and development. According to the partition results, the TGR area and its upper reaches could be divided into three control zones （reservoir area, impacting zone, and upstream zone） and 49 control units （five in the reservoir area, 15 in the impacting zone and 29 in the upstream zone）. Through analysis of the environmental problems, the 49 control units were grouped into three control types, including 14 preventative control units, 24 ameliorative control units and 11 corrective control units. Afterwards, three typical control units - Zunyi City in the Chishui River control unit （ preventive type in impacting zone）, Chuxiong- Kunming Cities in the Longchuan River control unit （ameliorative type in upstream zone） and Chongqing City in the Yangtze-Jialing Rivers control unit （corrective type in reservoir area） -were selected as case study areas to propose detailed water pollution prevention schemes. After implementation of the schemes, the CODcr load could be reduced 0.78×104, 1.47×104 and 2.78 × 104 t/a respectively, and NH3-N load could be reduced 1110.7, 2364. 9 and 8936. 2 t/a respectively in the three control units. The units＇ demanded reductions could be reached, and their water quality targets achieved.