基于“灾害冲击模型”的灾害社会冲击性研究

Research on Disaster Social Impact Based on “Disaster Impact Model”

在易损性研究出现之前,传统的自然灾害理解范式已经不能很好的解释为什么在极端地球物理事件爆发频率无明显增加的情况下,全球因自然灾害造成的各类损失却显著增加。长期以来,虽然国内对灾害的研究逐渐增多,但对于易损性、尤其是社会易损性的研究任处于起步阶段,这对进行灾害的社会冲击性研究造成了一定的阻碍。以灾害社会学中的"冲击论"为理论基础,以灾害冲击模型(Lindell,Prater and Perry,2006)为背景,分别从社会心理、人口、经济和政治四个方面研究了灾害的社会冲击性。

Before the emerging of Vulnerability Study,the traditional disaster science failed to fully explain why disasters caused more and more losses of all kinds despite that there has been neither dramatic increase in the number of disasters nor expanding scales of them.For a long time,although an increasing number of researches have been conducted on disaster study in China,vulnerability,especially social vulnerability,is still in its fledging period,which to some degrees hinders the development of social impact study.Based on the Impact Theory in Disaster Sociology,the current paper uses the Disaster Impact Model（Lindell,Prater and Perry,2006） as the research background,and analyzes disaster＇s social impact from the perspectives of social psychology,demography,economics and politics.