美国在“分裂国家统一问题”中的外交政策——基于权力结构的视角

The U. S. Foreign Policy on the “Reunification of Divided Nations”:From the Perspective of Power Structures

作者尝试从权力结构的视角,分析美国在"分裂国家统一问题"中的外交政策。权力结构分为内外两个层次。其中,外层权力结构体现为美国的全球权力结构与美国的地区权力结构,内层权力结构表现为美国的资方权力结构与美国的社方权力结构。从以上四个方面出发,作者分析了美国在越南、德国与也门统一问题中从支持分裂到默认统一的政策转变以及美国对默认武力统一、默认吸收统一、默认一体化统一等不同政策的选择,并进一步指出美国的"分裂国家统一问题"外交政策及其转变不是单一的行为体取向的逻辑,而是复杂的结构性取向的结果。通过比较研究,可归纳出影响美国"支持分裂"政策制定的权力结构、影响美国"从分裂到统一"政策转变的权力结构以及影响美国"统一模式"政策选择的权力结构。从中可见,内外权力结构二者相互影响、相互作用。其中,外层权力结构相对而言更具作用力,它不仅影响着内层权力结构的变化,更决定着美国外交政策从支持分裂向默认统一转变。

For the U. S. ,power structure has two levels: the external level includes global power structure and regional power structure while the internal includes capitalist power structure and socialist power structure. Based on the above four aspects, the author elaborates the changes of the U. S. foreign policy from 'supporting the splittist' to 'recognizing reunification' in cases of Vietnam, Germany and Yemen, compares the differences of reunification policy either by force,absorbing or by integration,and argues that these issues can only be explained in the logic of structure instead of in the logic of actors. . Then,the author identifies the power structures which determine the U. S. policy of supporting the splittist,which lead to the policy changes from supporting the splittist to reunification,and which backup the policy making by selecting from different reunification models. Finally,the author concludes that external power structure and internal power structure are mutually interacted while the external decides the changes of internal power structure and the U. S. foreign policy changes.