陀思妥耶夫斯基诠释的俄罗斯心灵

Russian Soul in Dostoyevsky's Mind

在《西方的没落》中,斯宾格勒提出"俄罗斯心灵"这一概念,认为"俄罗斯心灵的原始象征是没有界限的平面",通过本体"我"对他人的关爱,实现道德上的自我提升。作者认为《罪与罚》陀思妥耶夫斯基通过对主人公拉斯柯尔尼科夫的塑造,深刻地诠释了根植于"我们"中"我"存在的客观实在性。然而,陀思妥耶夫斯基作品是否可以代表"俄罗斯心灵"全部的内涵和外延?二者究竟有多少重合之处?本文将就陀思妥耶夫斯基《罪与罚》、《白痴》等代表作,从宗教内涵及与唯美主义、人本主义关系进行探讨,充分挖掘其作品中对"俄罗斯心灵"的诠释。

In ＂Decline of the West＂,Oswalds Pengler points the concept ＂Russian soul＂ and holds the opinion that ＂The symbol of the Russian soul is an original plane without boundaries＂.The noumenon,I,through the love to the others,achieve moral self-improvement.The author thinks that Fyodor Dostoyevsky interpreted deeply the objective reality of ＂I＂ being rooted in ＂we＂ by the characterization of the hero in Crime and Punishment.However,could Dostoyevsky＇s works represent all the connotation and extension of ＂Russian soul＂ How much overlap is between the two places This paper will introduce fully exploiting ＂Russian soul＂ in his works from the religious connotations,the relationship with Aestheticism and humanitarian in Crime and Punishment,idiot and other masterpieces of Fyodor Dostoyevsky.