关于现代日语多重授受关系的几个相关问题

Several Relevant Issues on Multiple Giving and Receiving Relations in Modern Japanese

众所周知,授受体系是日语中最难掌握的语法体系之一,它跟中文不同的是,它不是靠人称代词来表达授受关系的,而是靠授受补助动词来表达各种恩惠授受关系,并且基本常用的授受动词有七个之多。授受体系的难点并不止于此,授受动词还能叠加使用,也即通过叠加会产生多重的授受关系。像这种多重授受句,对于日语学习时间不够长的学习者来说,是比较难以理解的。本文针对日语授受动词的性质以及多重授受关系所派生的几个容易忽视的重要问题进行讨论,以便于日语学习者能更好地理解授受体系。

As is well known,the system of expressions relating to giving and receiving is one of the most difficult Japanese grammatical features to master.This is different from Chinese,because it does not depend on personal pronouns to express giving and receiving relationships,but instead uses auxiliary verbs for giving or receiving to express all kinds of giving and receiving benefit-relationships.Moreover there are as many as seven commonly used basic verbs for expressing giving and receiving in total.Another difficult point of using this giving and receiving system is that the giving and receiving verbs can be piled up together,and this piling-up will produce multiple relations of giving and receiving.This sort of multiple-givingand-receiving sentence,for new learners of Japanese,is much more difficult to understand.In this paper,we discuss the nature of giving and receiving verbs,and we also consider some critical but easily ignored points derived from also multiple-giving and-receiving relationships.The motivation for this study is to assist the acquisition of the Japanese system of giving and receiving for Chinese students of Japanese.