社区参与:内涵、本质与研究路向

Community Participation:Connotations,Essence and Research Directions

对概念的厘清不仅是基础理论研究的目的之一和重要组成部分,而且是推动形成有效的社会行动和指导社会实践的依据和基础。通过对社区参与的理论基础、内涵与实质的探讨及其与中国语境下一些相似语义的辨析指出,社区参与作为西方民主社会自治精神的基本体现,建立在参与民主理论与实践基础之上,具有深刻的政治内涵;而中国旅游研究和实践中的社区参与含义指涉较为松散和宽泛。它既包括国家动员之下的群众参与,也包括居民为了个体利益或共同的兴趣爱好而自发进行的社会性活动。严格说来,这些"去政治化"的参与形式都未触及社区参与的实质。真正的社区参与立足于公民参与;社区参与最真实的形式是政治分权。社区参与的有效性,有赖于公民的塑造、政治增权以及与之相关的基础性、程序性和支持性制度的建设与实施。这才是中国社区参与进程中所面临的真正核心问题。唯有紧密围绕着这些话题开展研究,才能真正地指导社区参与实践,推进中国特色民主政治的发展。

To clarify a concept is not only one of the purposes and important parts of the theoretical research,but also a fundamental basis to formulate effective actions and to guide the social practice.Based on the systematic summarization on the source theory,the connotation and the essence of community participation,this paper semantically differentiates and analyzes the similar expressions of community participation in Chinese context,and then points out that as an embodiment of the spirits of self-autonomy in democratic society,community participation draws fundamentally on the theories and practices of citizen participation.Contrast to it,in China,the connotation of community participation appears looser and more extensive,which not only means political mobilization,but also includes public or personal participation into various economic or cultural activities.Strictly speaking,these ＂de-politicized＂ participation forms are far from reaching the essence of community participation.The real community participation should be citizen participation;the most real form of community participation is political decentralization.So far,the effectiveness of the community participation depends on the reshaping of citizenship,political empowerment and the construction and implementation of related basic,procedural and supporting systems.These 2000are the core issues in the process of the community participation into tourism development in China.Only closely around these topics,our research can be truly guide the community participating practice,help develop a democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.