养殖企业畜禽粪尿处理方式选择、影响因素与适用政策工具分析——以太湖流域上游为例

Livestock Enterprises'Choice of Waste Treatment Modes,Its Influencing Factors and Possible Policy Instruments——A Case Study in Upper Reaches of Taihu Lake Basin

利用从太湖流域上游40户养殖企业收集到的畜禽生产和粪尿排放、处置的数据,运用Probit模型回归分析了影响养殖企业畜禽粪尿处理方式选择的因素。结果表明:不同规模的养殖企业畜禽粪尿处理方式的选择有差异,规模小的养殖场更倾向于采用出售方式处理畜禽粪便,养殖规模大或者饲养牲畜的企业则更青睐采用沼气方式处理畜禽尿液;贷款困难的养殖企业修建沼气池的可能性较小;行政干预对引导畜禽养殖企业选择环境友好型的粪尿处理方式效果显著,被要求整治或者搬迁的养殖场采用沼气处置畜禽粪尿的意愿更为强烈;而宣传、培训等非行政干预又不具备激励性的手段对需要投入较大成本的畜禽粪尿处置技术的推广效果并不显著。从畜禽粪尿处置技术推广的对象、配套政策和推广手段3个方面提出推广防治畜禽粪尿污染的环境友好型技术的政策建议。

Based on data collected from 40 livestock enterprises regarding their livestock production, waste emission and waste treatment behavior in the upper reaches of Taihu lake basin, this paper, using Probit model, analyzes the factors affecting livestock enterprises＇ choice of different waste treatment modes. The result shows that livestock enterprises at different scale choose different waste treatment modes. Smaller livestock farms are more likely to sell their manure while larger farms and farms that specialize in pig and cattle production favor biogas digester to deal with their waste water. Livestock en- terprises with difficulties in getting loans are less likely to build biogas digester. Appropriate administra- tive interventions can effectively guide livestock enterprises to choose environmentally-friendly waste treatment modes. Livestock enterprises that have been ordered to remediate or relocate because environ- mental objectives are more willing to adopt biogas digester to deal with their livestock waste. However, the use of non-command and non-incentive based means, such as propaganda and training, has no signifi- cant effect on the promotion of livestock waste treatment technologies requiring high investment. Final- ly,from three different aspects including promotion targets, supporting policies and promotion meas- ures, this paper puts forward policy recommendations on how to promote environmentally-friendly tech- nologies regarding livestock pollution prevention and control. In addition, the limitation of this paper is also discussed.