韩国私立教育的现状、问题与政策应对

The Current Situation,Problems and Policy Responses of Private Education in South Korea

私立教育盛行是韩国社会关注的焦点问题之一。目前,韩国私立教育规模持续扩大,人均私立教育费用居高不下,但私立教育参与率开始逐年下降。韩国私立教育的膨胀,导致学生自律学习态度弱化、复合型人才培养受阻、教育机会不平等加剧、国家经济资源浪费严重等问题,原因在于家长不满学校教育质量、社会追逐名牌大学利益、私立教育投资回报率较高、社会变迁存在结构性矛盾。自20世纪60年代以来,韩国政府为解决私立教育问题,先后采取了初中入学免试,高中教育平均化,国、公立教育正常化,"新教育体制"改革和减轻私立教育费等政策加以应对。

The prevalence of private education is one of the problems focused by South Korean society.At present,South Korea＇s private education continues to grow,private education＇s costs per capita are still high,but participation rate is declining.The expansionary development of South Korea＇s private education leads to weakening students＇ self-discipline learning attitude,blocking compound talents＇ training,rising inequality of educational opportunities,and wasting country＇s economic resources.The main reasons are that parents are dissatisfied with the quality of school education,people pursuit of the interests of the elite universities,return rate invested to private education is higher,and there are structural contradictions in social changes.Since the 1960s,South Korean government has taken a series of policies such as secondary school enrollment exemption,equalization of high schools,normalization of public education,the reform of the new educational system and reducing private education fees.