我国西部农村地区婴幼儿营养和儿童早期教育状况调查

Survey on nutrition of infants and early education for children in rural areas of western China

目的了解西部地区贫困农村的6～24个月婴幼儿的体格发育状况和膳食营养状况，为之后制定营养改善对策提供依据；了解农村学龄前儿童（36—72个月）的早期教育状况，为改善学前教育提供依据。方法在云南省会泽县、贵州省盘县和陕西省洛南县3个国家级贫困县各随机抽取两个乡镇，每个乡镇抽取约40名6～24个月的幼儿进行体格测量和24小时膳食回顾调查；抽取约40名学龄前儿童（36～72个月）进行早期教育状况调查。将收集的数据进行统计分析。结果本次调查的6～24个月婴幼儿低体重率、生长迟缓率和消瘦率分别为10．4％、14．9％和8．8％；6～11、12～24个月的婴幼儿贫血率分别为29％和25％；满6个月的幼儿有78．1％继续坚持母乳喂养，87．5％开始添加谷类和薯类食物，肉类和鱼、蛋类的添加率分别只有21．9％和15．6％，水果、蔬菜和豆类和添加率分别只有12．5％、21．9、3．1％。36—72个月的儿童上幼儿园的比例只有63．8％，其中在盘县和会泽分别只有46．3％和53．8％。结论幼儿母乳喂养不足和辅食添加不合理是导致该地儿童营养缺乏的重要原因．应该通过培训，更新幼儿家长的育儿观念和知识。另外，农村儿童的早期教育状况改善刻不容缓。

Objective To investigate the physical development and nutrition status of infants aged 6-24 months in poor rural areas of western China so as to provide nutrition references for improvement countermeasures, and to investigate the early education status of preschool children so as to provide references for improving preschool education. Methods Two towns were randomly selected from each of three poverty counties, Yunnan Huize, Guizhou Panxian and Shaanxi Luonan. About 40 infants aged 6-24 months were selected from every town to finish physical development examination and 24-hour dietary survey. About 40 children aged 36-72 months were selected to finish early education investigation. The results were analyzed by using SAS 9.1. Results The rates of low weight, growth retardation and wasting were 10.4% , 14.9% and 8.8%, respectively in infants aged 6-24 months. The anemia rates for infants aged 6-11 months and 12-24 months were 29% and 25 %, respectively. When infants were 6 months, breastfeeding rate was 78.1% , and 87.5% of them began to take grains and potato. The complementary feeding rates of meat-fish, eggs, fruits, vegetables and beans were 21.9%, 15.6%, 12.5%, 21.9% and 3.1% , respectively. The kindergarten enrollment rate of children aged 36-72 months was 63.8% , and it was only 46.3 % and 53.8% in Panxian and Huize, respectively. Conclusion Insufficient breastfeeding and unreasonable complementary foods are the main causes of nutritional deficiency. Thus, nursing ideas and knowledge of infants＇ parents should be updated. In addition, early education status of preschool children in rural areas should be improved immediately,