成年人个性特征的年龄差异再研究

Restudy on the Age Differences of Personality Characteristics in Adults

目的 :再研究成年人个性特征的年龄差异 ,横断法应用的特点及个性和心理健康的关系。方法 :采用NEO—FFI个性问卷 ,被试为 2 0至 97岁青年至老老年四年龄组成年人 762名。结果 :1 开放性特征 ( 0 )随增龄明显下降 ,老老年组及青年组认真负责 (C)分及和谐性 (A )分较低 ,神经质 (N )分较高。外向性(E)分无明显差异。 2 女性N分显著高于男性 ,A分略高于男性 ,E分略低于男性。 3 与 93年结果比较 ,青年组Cl>C2 ;老老年组 0 1>0 2 ,余 18项结果一致。本次结果出现较多的年龄差异 ,可能和其老老年组年龄较大、健康状况较差有关。结论 :相隔三年的两批横断法研究结果大体一致 ,同时表现横断法结果受所研究群体的具体情况的影响。个性特征和心境、家庭满意度等诸多心理健康因素有关。

Objective: To restudy the age differences of personality characteristics in adults, to examine the reliability of cross-sectional methods and the relationship of personality to variables concerning mental health Method: Seven hundred and sixty-two adult subjects from nine Chinese cities with age ranging from 20 to 97 years old were divided into four age groups and tested with NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) The results were compared with those acquired in 1993 Results: 1 The O score decreased obviously with age The C and A scores of the old-old and young groups were lower, and the N scores of these two age groups were higher than that of the other two age groups No age differences were found in E scores 2 For the female, the N score was significantly higher, the A score slightly higher and E score slightly lower than that of the male 3 Compared with the results of sample in 1993, C1〉C2 in the young adult group, O1>O2 in the old-old group, while the other 18 indices showed no differences The average age of the old-old group of this sample was older, and the health status was poorer than that of the first sample Conclusions: The results of two samples three years apart studied by cross-sectional method are in general consistent and the results of the study by cross-sectional method are influenced by the actual conditions of the sample The personality characteristics are closely related to many personal variables concerning mental health, such as mood, satisfaction of family relationships and so on