努尔哈赤政治思想及时代特征

On the Political Thoughts and Feature of the Times of Nuerhachi

努尔哈赤成长于女真向阶级社会过渡的历史性转折时期， 结束部众纷争、达成建政一统的历史趋势促成并强化了其王权专制思想。后金政权建立和女 真社会的发展进程表明了努尔哈赤驾驭潮流顺时随势的进步作用。而１６２２年进占更先进的辽 东地区后，努尔哈赤确定的“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的军事民主制的政治体制，却是其政治 思想的大倒退。这是女真社会进步迅速而氏族社会平均、公平、民主、联合等传统仍有较强 影响在其头脑中的反映，也是八旗制下贵族势力均衡发展而国家公共权力相对不发达的结 果，更是努尔哈赤晚年知难而退，老英雄困于新问题艰于应付的经验主义的时代局限。而他 的权威与局限却给皇太极以及其后的清代政治造成巨大影响和产生严重的消极后果。

This article thinks that gaining a clear idea of NuErhachi′s polit ical thoughts and feature of the times is a key to correet evaluating Nuerhachi ′s historical achievements,knowing NuErhachi′s times and political feature of the power in the later Jin dynasty.The article deeply analyses the political tho ughts and feature of the times of NuErhachi through inspecting the social surrou nding and political practice of NuErhachi′s growth.The article points out the p olitical thoughts of NuErhachi is quite contradictory.On the one hand,he conform s to social progress and development,carries out effectively his absolute minds and works hard for finding out the ways of setting the contradition the other ha nd,he made concessions to traditional customary force,recongnizes the rationalit y of “equal power and govern together”and he was more and more evolved in a ex tricate himself,fierce and sharp contradiction.As a leader of spanning age,NuErh achi hasn′t free himself from a restrict by the old customaty power and influen ced by the old age.Thus,he stopped and even stem back during the social hey peri od of continuing developemnt at full speed.So we only completly study and analys is conscientiously NuErhachi′s thoughts and his feature of the times,We could s ee either the heroic historical achievement or limit of the times and history.