闻一多对泰戈尔诗之批评的原因及其经验教训

Wen Yiduo's Criticism of Tagore's Poems: Reasons and Lessons

闻一多1923年底发表《泰果尔批评》,不仅对其诗歌艺术价值否定,而且还认为其文艺没有把捉到现实。这种对泰戈尔认识的偏激,除因为闻一多对诗之根深蒂固的认识,即诗人理智中的概念必须通过情感的觉识,以及文化思想认同和审美意趣的差异外,还有更为重要的原因,就是泰戈尔在其诗作中表现传道者说教的哲理,必然遭到欲要领袖一种文学潮流或派别而狂热追求纯艺术的闻一多批评。闻一多既有如此雄心壮志,当得知诗作和他的文艺思想龃龉的泰戈尔即将访华,这就给他提供了挑战世界权威的机会。闻一多这种打出招牌不取欧洲人态度敢于挑战权威的胆识,这种针对国内文坛欢迎的热闹而对外来文化明察鉴赏和知所取舍的精神,至今值得借鉴。但闻一多对泰戈尔批评的教训必须牢记,如何高屋建瓴、客观公正地评析并借鉴外来文化发展本土文化而不偏激,当是我们目前的一个重要课题。

In The Criticism of Tagore published in 1923, Wen Yiduo not only denied the artistic value of Tagore＇ s poems, but also held that Tagore＇ s poetics did not catch the realities of the world. Wen Yiduo＇ s radical criticism of Tagore was caused by many reasons. Besides different cultural identity, aesthetical interest and his prejudiced understanding of poems that the poet＇ s concept in his mind of reason should be filtered by the emotional conscious, the most important reason was that Wen Yiduo tried to lead a literary trend by advocating pure art frantically, and the didactic aphorisms of Tagore could not escape from Wen Yiduo＇ s criticism. Wen Yiduo found it was a chance for him to challenge the world authority when he knew the coming visit of Tagore to China. Wen＇s courage to challenge the dominant European view on Tagore is worth praising. However, lessons should also be drawn from Wen Yiduo＇ s criticism of Tagore. How to assess and absorb the foreign culture objectively and fairly from a strategi- cally advantageous position is still our current major task.