基于幸存者调查的高层建筑火灾疏散行为研究

Study of Behavior in High-rise Building Fire Evacuation Based on Survivors' Survey

为深入了解高层建筑火灾疏散中符合中国人特性的疏散者心理与行为决策的特征,调查研究上海"11·15"特大火灾中的42名幸存者。还原火灾发生后幸存者的自救逃生过程,描述疏散过程中疏散者的状态、行为与决策,并分析其内部的联系和规律。研究发现,在无自动报警的公寓火灾情景中,人群主要通过自我感知的方式得知火情,行动不便现象普遍存在,多数人第一反应不是逃生;疏散延迟与疏散者的行动能力、第一反应、疏散动机、环境熟悉度密切相关;人群不倾向于使用电梯,排队行为与拥挤现象不典型。

In order to further understand the features of evacuees＂ psychology, behavior and decision- making which are in accord with Chinese characteristics during the fire evacuation of high-rise buildings, 42 survivors of the fire in Shanghai on Nov. 15 were studied in this paper. The condition, behavior and decision-making processes of the survivors during their escape from the building were restored and de- scribed. The internal relationship and the regular pattern were also analyzed. It was found that in an apart- ment fire without an automatic alarm, the occupants recognized the fire through their own perception and that mobility impairment was a common phenomenon. In addition, the first reaction of most occupants was not to escape and the pre-evacuation delay was closely associated with the ability to move, the first reaction, motivation, familiarity with the environment, etc. It was also found that the occupants tended not to use the lift and that the queuing and crowding were not typical.