骨质疏松症影像学诊断技术评价

Evaluation of Imaging Techniques Assessing Osteoporosis

越来越多的健康体检领域把骨定量超声测定技术用于评估受检者的骨密度,但该技术在临床应用方面仍存在争议。目前用于评估骨质疏松骨折风险度的技术有三:双能X线(DXA)、定量CT(QCT)及骨定量超声测量(QUS)。DXA测量骨密度是最常用的诊断骨质疏松症和评估其治疗效果的手段。QCT是真正意义上的体积骨密度测量技术,能更准确地测量骨密度。QUS是一种诊断骨质疏松症和预测骨折风险的新技术,不但可反映骨密度,还可反映骨的微结构、弹性和脆性等骨结构特性。本文回顾了三种评估骨质疏松症的常用测量技术的特点及临床应用方面的优缺点。

Quantitative ultrasonic evaluation of bone quality and density was frequently applied to health checkup, but the application of this technique in assessing osteoporotic risk is still under debate. Currently, techniques available for osteoporotic risk assessment are dual X--ray absorptiometry （DXA）, which is considered the gold standard in measuring bone density and is used in WHO diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis, quantitative computed tomography （QCT）, and quantitative ultrasounic （QUS）determination of bone quality and density. In this review, the advantages and shortcomings of these three techniques will be discussed.