出世与入世的统一—梁漱溟宗教观辨析

The Unity of Chushi and Rushi: an examination of the religious outlook of Liang Suming

在学界关于梁漱溟思想的研究中,人们常常用"以道德代宗教"来概括他的宗教观。然而,从梁漱溟的思想历程来看,其宗教观远非如此简单。出世情怀与入世精神,始终是他内心世界矛盾而又统一的两个方面:从现实着眼,他创立新儒学,旨在为中国的现代化寻求文化出路,"以道德代宗教"就是其中的一个具体路径;在内心世界,他却一生钟情于佛学,并认为在人类文化的最高阶段将是佛家圆满出世法的复兴。对此,需要结合他的整个文化理论及其人文关切作全面的理解。

When examining Liang Suming＇s thought, modern scholarship has often summarized his religious outlook with the phrase ＂substituting morality for religion＂. However, the development of his thought taken as a whole, it would be an oversimplification. Chushi, which may be rendered as moksha or transcending and shaking off the shackles of this mundane world, and rushi, which can loosely mean entering and actively engaging this world, as two sides of the paradox comprised his contradictory spirituality. On the one hand, he founded modern neo-Confucianism as a way to seek a cultural solution to China＇s quest for modernity, and substituting morality for religion is one such strategy. On the other hand, in his inner world he has always been fond of Buddhism and sees rebirth of the Buddhist chushi as the culminating stage of human cultural development. Thus, a full grasp of his religious outlook requires carefully examining the entire scope of his cultural theories and humanistic concern.